Magnesium intake decreases Type 2 diabetes Risk through the Improvement of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation

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MEDLINE Abstract

Hata A ; Doi Y ; Ninomiya T ; Mukai N ; Hirakawa Y ; Hata J ; Ozawa M ; Uchida K ; Shirota T ; Kitazono T ; Kiyohara Y

AIMS: Early studies have shown that magnesium intake decreases the risk of Type 2 diabetes, but the results are still inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between magnesium intake and incidence of Type 2 diabetes in a general Japanese population.

METHODS: A total of 1999 subjects without diabetes aged 40-79 years who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were followed up prospectively for a mean of 15.6 years.

RESULTS: During the follow-up, 417 subjects developed Type 2 diabetes. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of Type 2 diabetes significantly decreased with increasing magnesium intake quartile levels (? 148.5, 148.6-171.5, 171.6-195.5 and ? 195.6 mg/day, P for trend = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for comprehensive risk factors and other dietary factors, the hazard ratio of Type 2 diabetes was 0.67 (95% CI 0.49-0.92; P = 0.01) in the third quartile and 0.63 (95% CI 0.44-0.90; P = 0.01) in the highest quartile compared with the first quartile. In addition, the risk of Type 2 diabetes was 14% lower (P = 0.04) for a 1-sd increment of log-transformed magnesium intake in the multivariate-adjusted model. In stratified analysis, there were statistically significant interactions between magnesium intake and levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein or alcohol intake on the risk of Type 2 diabetes (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increased magnesium intake was a significant protective factor for the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the general Japanese population, especially among subjects with insulin resistance, lowgrade inflammation and a drinking habit.