Flatworms Recall Familiar Environs, Even after Losing Their Heads: Scientific American.

Highly recommended reading. As it turns out, one does not have to go all the way down the evolutionary ladder to be reminded that even brain-impaired or brain-damaged individuals (whether through TBI, dementia, various levels of unconsciousness, or simply sleep) have not only memories, but continue to experience emotions, good and bad.

As an illustration that the brain is made of many different levels and parts, here is a recent paper by Feinstein et al. showing that individuals with a genetic absence of the amygdala, long highlighted as the brain’s influential “fear center”, can experience severe panic attacks.

They write: